AMR Infinite Technologies

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is a widely used adsorptive filter media in water treatment systems. It removes organic contaminants, chlorine, taste, odor, color, and certain chemicals from water, improving overall quality and protecting downstream treatment units.

🔹 What Is GAC?

Activated carbon in granular form with a high internal surface area that adsorbs impurities. It is typically made from materials like:

• Coconut shell

• Coal (bituminous)

• Wood charcoal

These are processed to create a porous structure that captures contaminants as water flows through the media.

🔹 How It Works

Water passes through a packed bed of GAC media. Organic molecules, chlorine, and certain chemicals stick to the carbon surface due to adsorption, reducing:

• Taste and odor

• Color

• Chlorine residuals

• Organic compounds

This protects RO membranes, resins, and other downstream equipment from degradation and fouling.

🔹 Typical Applications

✔ Pre-treatment in RO & DM Plants
✔ Drinking water purification
✔ Industrial process water
✔ ETP / STP systems
✔ Pharmaceutical water systems (pre-RO)
✔ Food & beverage industry

🔹 Key Benefits

• Effective removal of chlorine and organics

• Improves membrane life

• Enhances water aesthetics (taste & odor)

• Relatively low cost and easy to replace

• Can be reactivated/replaced when spent

🔹 Media Specifications

• Size: 8×30 mesh, 8×16 mesh, 12×40 mesh

• Iodine Number: >900–1100 mg/g (indicator of adsorption capacity)

• Moisture Content: <5%

• Apparent Density: 0.45–0.55 g/cc

• Ash Content: <5% (low ash preferred for water treatment)

🔹 GAC in Filtration Systems

GAC is usually used in pressure vessels or gravity filters:

• Pressure GAC Filters: stainless steel or FRP vessels

• Gravity GAC Filters: open-bed carbon filters

Often, GAC is preceded by sand/PSF & ACF filters and followed by micron filtration for complete treatment.

🔹 Maintenance & Replacement

• Backwashing typically required (for pressure filters)

• Media life depends on feed water quality and loading

• When adsorption capacity is exhausted, the carbon bed must be replaced or reactivated

Resins for water treatment are primarily ion exchange resins, which are specialized polymer beads that remove impurities by exchanging unwanted ions with harmless ones to purify water

Micron and Jumbo Filter Housings are essential components in water treatment plants used to hold filter cartridges that remove suspended solids, dirt, and particulates from water. They act as pre-filtration before RO, DM, or distillation systems and help protect downstream equipment.

🔹 What They Are 📍 Micron Filter Housings

• Designed to hold standard size filter cartridges

• Removes particles in the micron range (e.g., 1 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm)

• Used in pre-filtration for RO/DM systems

📍 Jumbo Filter Housings

• Larger diameter housings for multiple cartridges

• Higher dirt-holding capacity

• Suitable for high-flow or heavy-sediment water

🔹 Common Features

• Construction: Stainless Steel (SS 304 / SS 316) or FRP

• Inlet/Outlet: Flanged or threaded connections

• Easy opening for cartridge replacement

• Pressure rating typically: 150–300 PSI

• O-rings & gasket seals for leak-proof performance

🔹 Filter Cartridge Types

✔ PP Spun Cartridge – general purpose dirt removal
✔ Sediment Cartridge – removes sand & silt
✔ Activated Carbon Cartridge – removes chlorine & organics (if required)
✔ Pleated Cartridge – higher surface area, longer life

🔹 Applications

✔ Pre-filtration for RO plants
✔ DM plant feed lines
✔ Distillation system protection
✔ Cooling tower make-up water
✔ Industrial process water
✔ ETP/STP polishing

🔹 Benefits

• Protects RO membranes and pumps

• Improves overall system efficiency

• Easy maintenance and cartridge change-out

• Handles high flow rates (especially Jumbo housings)

🔹 Typical Sizes

Flow Meters for Water Treatment Plants4

Flow meters are essential instruments in water treatment plants to measure and monitor the flow rate of water, chemicals, and treated effluent. They ensure accurate process control, system efficiency, and regulatory compliance.

🔹 Types of Flow Meters Used in Water Plants1️⃣ Electromagnetic Flow Meter (Mag Meter)

• Ideal for conductive liquids like water

• No moving parts → low maintenance

• High accuracy (±0.5% typical)

• Commonly used in RO, DM, PW systems

2️⃣ Ultrasonic Flow Meter

• Clamp-on or inline type

• Non-invasive measurement

• Suitable for retrofit installations

• Works well for large pipelines

3️⃣ Rotameter (Variable Area Flow Meter)

• Acrylic or SS body

• Simple and cost-effective

• Used for low flow applications (chemical dosing lines)

4️⃣ Turbine Flow Meter

• Suitable for clean water

• High accuracy

• Used in specific industrial applications

🔹 Applications in Water Treatment

✔ Raw water inlet monitoring
✔ RO feed & permeate flow measurement
✔ DM plant output monitoring
✔ Chemical dosing control
✔ Effluent discharge measurement
✔ Pharmaceutical purified water (PW) systems

🔹 Key Features

• Digital display with totalizer

• 4–20 mA output for PLC integration

• IP65/IP67 protection

• Flanged / threaded / clamp-type connections

• SS 316 / PTFE lined options

🔹 Benefits

• Accurate process control

• Reduced water wastage

• Optimized chemical dosing

• Compliance with industrial standards

• Improved plant efficiency

Antiscalant for Water Plant4

Antiscalant is a specialized water treatment chemical used in RO (Reverse Osmosis) plants and water purification systems to prevent scale formation on membranes and pipelines. It helps maintain system efficiency, reduces downtime, and extends membrane life.

💧 What It Does

When feed water contains dissolved salts like:

• Calcium carbonate

• Calcium sulfate

• Barium sulfate

• Silica

These salts can precipitate and form scale deposits on RO membranes. Antiscalant works by:

• Interfering with crystal growth

• Dispersing suspended particles

• Preventing salt precipitation

⚙️ How It Is Used

• Injected into feed water before the RO membranes

• Dosed using a chemical dosing pump

• Typical dosage: 2–5 ppm (depends on water analysis)

🏭 Applications

✔ RO Plants
✔ DM Plants
✔ Pharma PW Systems
✔ Industrial & Boiler Feed Water Systems
✔ Desalination Plants

📈 Benefits

• Improves membrane performance

• Reduces frequent cleaning (CIP)

• Extends membrane life

• Lowers operational cost

• Increases recovery rate

📦 Available Forms

• Liquid antiscalant (most common)

• Acid-based and phosphate-based formulations

• Specialized silica-control antiscalants

A variety of filter cartridges are used in water treatment plants to remove different impurities, including sediment, organic compounds, and microbial contaminants. The specific type of cartridge depends on the water source and the required level of purification

The main purpose of a dosing tank system is to ensure that the correct amount of chemical is added at the right time to achieve a specific result, which is critical for safety, quality, and compliance with regulations. The system typically includes the tank itself, a dosing pump, and associated tubing and fittings.

Centrifugal Monoblock Pump for Water Treatment Plant4

A Centrifugal Monoblock Pump is a compact, single-unit pump where the motor and pump are mounted on a common shaft. It is widely used in water treatment plants for transferring raw water, treated water, and process water efficiently.

🔹 Key Features

• Compact monoblock design (motor + pump integrated)

• High discharge capacity

• Continuous duty operation

• Low vibration & smooth performance

• Easy installation & maintenance

• Available in Cast Iron / SS 304 / SS 316 construction

🔹 Working Principle

The pump operates on the centrifugal force principle:

1. Water enters through the suction inlet.

2. The rotating impeller increases velocity.

3. Velocity converts into pressure at the discharge outlet.

4. Water is delivered at required flow and head.

🔹 Applications in Water Plants

✔ Raw water transfer
✔ RO feed water pumping
✔ DM plant circulation
✔ Filter feed & backwash systems
✔ Chemical transfer (with suitable material)
✔ Treated water distribution

🔹 Typical Technical Specifications

• Flow Rate: 1–100 m³/hr (depending on model)

• Head: Up to 60 meters

• Motor Power: 0.5 HP to 20 HP

• Voltage: 230V / 415V

• Frequency: 50 Hz

• Speed: 2900 RPM

• Duty: Continuous

🔹 Advantages

• Cost-effective solution

• High efficiency

• Space-saving design

• Long service life

• Suitable for industrial & pharmaceutical water systems

Chemicals & Bio-Polymers for Water Treatment Plants

Chemicals and bio-polymers are essential in water treatment plants to improve water quality, protect equipment, and ensure efficient operation. They are used in raw water treatment, RO/DM plants, ETP/STP systems, and pharmaceutical water systems.

🔹 1. Coagulants

Used to destabilize suspended particles and help them clump together.

Common Types:

• Alum (Aluminium Sulphate)

• PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride)

• Ferric Chloride

Applications:
✔ Clarifiers
✔ Raw water treatment
✔ Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)

🔹 2. Flocculants (Synthetic Polymers)

Help form larger flocs for easy sedimentation and filtration.

Types:

• Anionic Polymers

• Cationic Polymers

• Non-ionic Polymers

Usage: Sludge dewatering, clarification, RO pre-treatment

🔹 3. Bio-Polymers (Natural Flocculants)

Eco-friendly alternatives derived from natural sources.

Examples:

• Starch-based polymers

• Chitosan-based flocculants

• Plant-derived bio-polymers

Advantages:
✔ Biodegradable
✔ Non-toxic
✔ Suitable for food & pharma-related processes

🔹 4. Antiscalants

Prevent scaling in RO membranes and pipelines.

🔹 5. pH Correction Chemicals

Maintain optimum pH levels.

• Caustic Soda (NaOH)

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

🔹 6. Disinfectants & Biocides

Control microbial growth in water systems.

• Sodium Hypochlorite

• Hydrogen Peroxide

• Non-oxidizing biocides

🔹 Applications in Industries

✔ Pharmaceutical Water Systems (PW, WFI support systems)
✔ RO & DM Plants
✔ Cooling Towers
✔ Boilers
✔ Municipal Water Treatment
✔ ETP & STP Plants

🔹 Key Benefits

• Improved water clarity

• Enhanced membrane life

• Reduced sludge volume

• Better regulatory compliance

• Environment-friendly options with bio-polymers

Fine & Coarse Bubble Diffusers for Water Treatment Plants

Fine and Coarse Bubble Diffusers are aeration devices used in STP (Sewage Treatment Plants), ETP (Effluent Treatment Plants), and biological wastewater treatment systems. They supply oxygen into water to support aerobic bacteria for effective biological treatment.

🔹 1️⃣ Fine Bubble Diffusers ✅ Features:

• Produce very small bubbles (1–3 mm)

• Higher oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE)

• Energy-efficient operation

• Available in disc, tube, or panel type

• EPDM / Silicone membrane options

📌 Applications:

✔ Activated sludge process
✔ MBBR & SBR systems
✔ Pharmaceutical & industrial ETP
✔ Municipal wastewater treatment

⭐ Advantages:

• Lower power consumption

• Better oxygen distribution

• Suitable for continuous aeration

🔹 2️⃣ Coarse Bubble Diffusers ✅ Features:

• Produce larger bubbles (4–6 mm)

• Lower oxygen transfer efficiency compared to fine bubble

• Strong mixing capability

• Less prone to clogging

📌 Applications:

✔ Equalization tanks
✔ Grit chambers
✔ Sludge holding tanks
✔ Where heavy solids are present

⭐ Advantages:

• Durable and rugged

• Easy maintenance

• Suitable for high-solids wastewater

🔹 Technical Specifications (Typical)

• Material: EPDM / Silicone / PTFE

• Support Body: PP / ABS

• Air Flow Range: 1–10 m³/hr (varies by model)

• Connection Size: ¾” / 1” / 2”

• Operating Temperature: Up to 80°C (EPDM)

🔹 Key Benefits in Water Plants

✔ Improved biological treatment efficiency
✔ Reduced odor problems
✔ Better BOD & COD reduction
✔ Energy savings (especially fine bubble type)

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